Energy Drink-Related Cardiovascular Presentations in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review and Practical Guide for Management.

Abstract

Energy drink (ED) consumption has become increasingly common among children and adolescents, raising questions about its possible effects on cardiovascular health. Owing to ongoing physiological development and sensitivity to stimulant ingredients, minors may experience distinct responses to these beverages. This review provides an overview of ED components and discusses their potential influence on cardiovascular function in younger populations, as well as the range of symptoms reported in clinical settings. Attention is given to how stimulant-containing drinks may affect heart rate, rhythm, and overall circulatory responses, particularly with frequent or excessive intake. The review also considers broader effects related to sleep and behavioral regulation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of routinely considering ED use when evaluating pediatric patients with cardiovascular complaints and on the need for increased awareness regarding consumption habits among minors.